Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Technologies

DGIST research team succeeded in developing stem cell delivery of scaffold¹ microrobot that can precisely deliver cells to a target body tissue. This research achievement is expected to enhance the treatment safety and efficiency of degenerative neural disorders as it can precisely transplant the exact amount of stem cell-based treatment cells to human body tissues and organs.

DGIST recently announced that Professor Hongsoo Choi"s team in the Department of Robotics Engineering developed a "scaffold microrobot for stem cell delivery and transplantation," which can further enhance the existing treatment efficiency of stem cell. A joint international research was conducted with Senior Researcher Jin-young Kim at DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, Professor Seong-Woon Yu and Professor Cheil Moon"s team in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Professor Sung Won Kim"s team in Seoul St. Mary"s Hospital, and Professor Bradley J. Nelson"s team in the Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems at ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.

Stem cell treatment has been taking limelight as a regenerative medical technique for intractable disorder treatment, but it cannot transplant the exact amount of stem cells to the target areas in need of treatment deeply inside body or may carry injection risk. It has especially been pointed out that treatment efficiency and safety are low due to huge loss during the in vivo delivery of stem cells and a high cost of treatment.

To overcome such limitation, the DGIST research team devised scaffold microrobot in a spherical and helical type through the 3D laser lithography². The biggest achievement of this study is that it minimized cell loss in the body through a wireless control method using an external magnetic field while transplanting stem cells quickly and precisely at the same time.

What is noteworthy is that while the existing researches tested microrobots in a static external environment and not physiological environment, this research cultured a hippocampal neural stem cell³ on a microrobot for the first time in the world. They divided the cell into specific cells such as astrocyte⁴, Oligodendrocyte⁵, and neuron⁶ and succeeded in precisely delivering and transplanting them in the target.

To gain this achievement, the research team showed the cell transfer and transplantation process using the microrobot inside Body-on-a-chip (BOC), a microfluidic cell culture system that replicated a physiological in vivo environment. They also extracted a rat"s brain and injected the microrobot into the internal carotid artery⁷, and transferred it to the anterior cerebral artery⁸ and middle cerebral artery⁹ using outer magnetic field. A highlight of this joint research is that they cultured the "hNTSCs¹⁰" provided by Professor Sung Won Kim"s team at the Catholic University St. Mary"s Hospital on the microrobot in 3D for successful experiment.

Professor Hongsoo Choi at the Department of Robotics Engineering said "Through this research we hope to increase the treatment efficiency and success rate for Alzheimer and central neural diseases, which couldn"t be approached through the existing method of stem cell treatment. Through continuous follow-up research with hospitals and related companies, we will do our best to develop a microrobot-based precise treatment system that can be used in actual hospital and clinical sites.

Reference:https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/30/eaav4317/tab-article-info